Solution Show Solution Block mountain Fold mountain Block mountains are formed due to faulting which is caused when the horizontal movements within the earth's crust move away from each other. Fold mountains are formed due to folding which occurs when the horizontal movements within the earth's crust move towards each other. Tension within the earth's crust causes block mountain formation. Compression within the earth's crust causes folds mountain formation. Block mountains are characterised by steep slopes and flat tops.
Fold mountains are characterized by large scale complex folds that have greater height but are comparatively narrow in width. Black forest mountains in Europe and the Meghalaya Plateau of India are examples of block mountain. Report Error Is there an error in this question or solution? Chapter 2: Endogenetic Movements - Exercise [Page 20]. Once the payment is made, you need to log in to the Downloads Page to download the files check your email for the login details.
Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss an important update! Fold Mountains Fold mountains are formed when sedimentary rock strata in geosynclines are subjected to compressive forces. They are the loftiest mountains, and they are generally concentrated along continental margins. The folds are made up of multiple strata rock layers. The folds that are upwardly convex are called as anticlines. The core centre of an anticline fold consists of the older strata, and the strata are progressively younger outwards.
In contrast, the folds that are downwardly convex are called synclines. The core of a syncline fold consists of the younger strata, and the strata are progressively older outwards. Limbs: The limbs are the flanks of the fold. Hinge line: the where the flanks join together the line of maximum curvature.
Axial plane: plane defined by connecting all the hinge lines of stacked folding surfaces the plane in which hinge lines of various strata lie. Types of folds A symmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is vertical.
An asymmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is inclined. Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumbled, much the same way as a piece of paper folds when pushed together. The Himalayan Mountains were formed when India crashed into Asia and pushed up the tallest mountain range on the continents.
In South America, the Andes Mountains were formed by the collision of the South American continental plate and the oceanic Pacific plate. Did you know? Two Tectonic Plates meet along the Southern Alps. This is called a fault line. The Southern Alps are constantly changing because the Pacific Plate is being pushed down under the Australian Plate and that causes the Alps to rise up.
Fault-block Mountains. These mountains form when faults or cracks in the earth's crust force some materials or blocks of rock up and others down. Instead of the earth folding over, the earth's crust fractures pulls apart.
It breaks up into blocks or chunks. Sometimes these blocks of rock move up and down, as they move apart and blocks of rock end up being stacked on one another. Dome Mountains. Dome mountains are the result of a great amount of melted rock magma pushing its way up under the earth crust. Without actually erupting onto the surface, the magma pushes up overlaying rock layers.
At some point, the magma cools and forms hardened rock. The uplifted area created by rising magma is called a dome because of looking like the top half of a sphere ball.
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