Borsch, T. Non-coding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a highly supported phylogeny of basal angiosperms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Gottsberger, G. The reproductive biology of primitive angiosperms. Graham, S.
Microstructural changes in noncoding chloroplast DNA: interpretation, evolution, and utility of indels and inversions in basal angiosperm phylogenetic inference. Utility of 17 chloroplast genes for inferring the phylogeny of the basal angiosperms. American Journal of Botany. Heckman, D. Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants. Heywood, V. Flowering plants of the world. London, UK: B. Batsford Ltd. Hickey, L.
The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: vegetative morphology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Hillis, D. Inferring complex phylogenies. Nandi, O. A combined cladistic analysis of angiosperms using rbcL and nonmolecular data sets.
Nickerson, J. The sequence of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II is a useful marker for inferring seed plant phylogeny. Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima in full bloom at Christmas time in southern California. Left: Bright red modified leaves A surround a central cluster of greenish-yellow flower clusters called cyathia.
Right: Each cup-shaped cyathium B contains a cluster of red stamens D which are the male flowers. Inside each cyathium is a hidden female flower not shown consisting of a single, minute ovary. The rim of the cyathium bears a greenish-yellow nectar gland C.
Chamaesyce polycarpa , a prostrate, native spurge that grows throughout dry chaparral hillsides in southern California. Left: Overall view of plant showing numerous cup-shaped cyathia. Right: Close-up view of several cyathia showing reddish-purple, oval glands on rim of cyathia, each subtended by a greenish-white petaloid appendage. Male flowers stamens are included in the cyathia, while a female flower ovary bearing 3 styles protrudes out of each cyathium on a long stalk.
Petty spurge Euphorbia peplus , an erect garden weed in southern California with alternate leaves and milky sap. Originally native to Europe, this prolific seeder has become naturalized throughout North America.
The urn-shaped cyathium bears crescent-shaped, 2-horned glands on its rim. There are no petaloid appendages. Wolffia borealis: Dorsal view of budding flowering plant next to the tip of a sewing needle. The floral cavity contains a single pistil with a circular, concave stigma and one stamen. A South African baobab tree Adansonia digitata , one of the most massive flowering plants.
The enormous trunk may exceed feet in circumference and store 25, gallons of water weighing tons. According to E. Palmer and N. Pitman Trees of South Africa , , a tree with a volume of 7, cubic feet may contain 30, gallons of water. This amount of water alone would weigh an astonishing tons. See Plant Sexuality and Political Correctness.
Armstrong, W. Borror, D. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. Kelly, S. Volume I and II. Cities had a much higher diversity of flowering plant s than surrounding areas, they found. The more variety of flowering plant s in one area, the more likely that pollinators can find their favorite food. The findings, published January 22 in Current Biology, suggest that at least one species of Sapria has lost nearly half of the genes commonly found in other flowering plant s and stolen many others directly from its hosts.
You may be wondering what cells from zinnias—which are a small flowering plant —have to do with wood. Normally, flowering plant s use their leaves to sense when the environmental conditions are right to flower. His most recommended plant was tree ivy—its juices sprayed up the nostrils. His first feature film, Jellyfish Eyes, debuted last year and was set in a town near a threatening nuclear power plant. Same for driveway pavers and meat and poultry plant workers.
Green plants in pre-flowering stages may contain significant protein but not fat.
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