Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Diagnosis Female cystoscopy Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Female cystoscopy Cystoscopy allows your doctor to view your lower urinary tract to look for abnormalities, such as a bladder stone.
Male cystoscopy Open pop-up dialog box Close. Male cystoscopy Cystoscopy allows your doctor to view your lower urinary tract to look for abnormalities in your urethra and bladder. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Wein AJ, et al. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Campbell-Walsh Urology. Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed June 30, Ferri FF. Urinary tract infection. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Bladder infection urinary tract infection—UTI in adults.
Urinary tract infections UTIs. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Urinary tract infections. National Institutes of Health. Hooton TM, et al. Acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. In , a panel of international experts updated the Infectious Diseases Society of America IDSA guidelines on the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. The panel reviewed the literature, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and provided an evidence-based guideline for women with uncomplicated bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis.
Levels-of-evidence ratings were assigned to recommendations on the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs. No single agent is considered best for treating acute uncomplicated cystitis according to the guidelines, and the choice between recommended agents should be individualized 16 Table 2 18 , Choosing an antibiotic depends on the agent's effectiveness, risks of adverse effects, resistance rates, and propensity to cause collateral damage i.
Additionally, physicians should consider cost, availability, and specific patient factors, such as allergy history. On average, patients will begin noting symptom relief within 36 hours of beginning treatment. Montvale, N. Cost to the patient will be higher, depending on prescription filling fee. Third-tier options include beta-lactam antibiotics. Information from references 18 and There are several first-line agents recommended by the IDSA for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis Figure 1.
Note that the duration of therapy for nitrofurantoin has been reduced to five days compared with the previous IDSA guidelines of seven days, based on research showing effectiveness with a shorter duration of therapy. Algorithm for choosing an antimicrobial agent for empiric treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Clin Infect Dis. Fluoroquinolones i. Although fluoroquinolones are effective, they have the propensity for collateral damage, and should be considered for patients with more serious infections than acute uncomplicated cystitis. Certain antimicrobials i. Despite wide use of cranberry products for treating UTIs, there is no evidence to support their use in symptomatic patients. Beta-lactam antibiotics are not recommended as first-line therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis because of widespread E.
Fluoroquinolone resistance usually is found to be below 10 percent in North America and Europe, but with a trend toward increasing resistance over the past several years.
Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin have retained high rates of in vitro activity in most areas. Because results of urine cultures are not routinely reported when treating acute uncomplicated cystitis, local resistance rates may not be available. Defaulting to the annual antimicrobial sensitivity data from a local hospital may provide resistance rates based on a population that does not reflect women with simple acute uncomplicated cystitis e.
Several studies have been published that may help predict the likelihood of E. Already a member or subscriber? Log in. Interested in AAFP membership? Learn more. Reprints are not available from the authors. Nicolle LE. Epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Infect Med. Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. Survey of symptom burden in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Clin Drug Investig. Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med. Complicated urinary tract infection in adults. Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection? A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. N Engl J Med. Patient-initiated treatment of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections in young women.
Ann Intern Med. A randomized controlled trial of telephone management of suspected urinary tract infections in women. J Fam Pract. Urinary Tract Infection. Minus Related Pages. Do you have pain or burning when you urinate? You might have a urinary tract infection UTI. On This Page.
What is a urinary tract infection UTI? Close A female urinary tract, including the bladder and urethra. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: Email Address. What's this? Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
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